Today there is no unified colorectal cancer screening program. The whole number of different screening tests exists, which significantly differs from each other as a methodology and cost, as the object of study. The purpose of this review is the analysis of colorectal cancer screening in our country and also abroad, evaluation of the effectiveness of the registered methods, and the search of the ways of improvement of the screening methods.

In recent decades, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of anal cancer. The main risk factors for anal cancer include human papillomavirus infection, promiscuity, homosexuality in men, positive Papanicolaou test, and smoking.

This article provides an overview of drugs for metastatic colorectal cancer that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. We discuss possible drug combinations and outlooks of their use in different lines of therapy. In addition to VEGF and EGFR inhibitors, we describe the molecules with fundamentally new mechanisms of action that can significantly expand the list of anticancer agents and increase the number of possible lines of therapy.

Objective: to analyze short-term and long-term outcomes of surgical, combination, and comprehensive treatment in patients with metastatic rectal cancer.

Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on the outcomes of rectal cancer patients receiving surgical, combination (surgery + chemotherapy), or comprehensive (chemoradiotherapy + surgery + chemotherapy) treatment in the Department of Proctology at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, between 1999 and 2015. We assessed overall survival, frequency of postoperative complications, postoperative death rates and frequency of complications associated with chemoradiotherapy.

Results. The study included 366patients that were divided into 3 groups according to the treatment strategy. The 2-year survival rate was 83 % in group 3 (comprehensive treatment) vs 40 % in groups 1 and 2. Median survival was 43 months in group 3 compared to 18 and 14 months in groups 2 and 1 respectively. The number of postoperative complications was 19 %, 13.4 %, and 15.1 % in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There was one postoperative death (1.1 %) in group 3.

Conclusion. Comprehensive treatment significantly improves overall survival of rectal cancer patients without increasing the risk of postoperative complications.

Objective: to evaluate complication rate, surgical operation time, mortality rate implementing minimally invasive surgical technique in colon and rectal surgery — a single cancer’s center experience.

Matherials and methods. 124 patients underwent surgery in the period from 2016 to 2018 using laparoscopic technique for colorectal cancer. All patients were divided on 3 equal groups, depending on the time required to master laparoscopic technique: group A (1—40 procedure), group B (41—80 procedure) and group C (81—124 procedure). Outcome measures included operation time, mortality rate, readmission and postoperative complication rates, number of lymph nodes removed and time of impatient care.

Results. Main outcome variables (operation time, number lymph nodes removed, time of impatient care, mortality rates, postoperative complication rates) reach a plateau in the learning curve after 54 operation. The study showed that the incidence of postoperative complications in all groups was 11.4 %, while the significantly high level of complications was in group A — 17.5 % (p = 0.023). Postoperative mortality in groups A and B was 2.5 % and 2.5 %, respectively.

Conclusion. It is shown that the introduction of minimally invasive technologies into colorectal cancer surgery is relatively safe and possible under the given conditions, while the time of mastering the technique is comparable with the data available in the literature.

This article reports the experience of treating a case of rectal cancer complicated by peritumorally abscess and intestinal fistulas in the anterior abdominal wall. Despite infectious complications, the patient underwent all stages of comprehensive treatment, including neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, consolidation polychemotherapy, and surgery. After sigmostomy with a course of antibacterial therapy, the patient received one cycle of external beam radiotherapy plus capecitabine followed by one full and one partial cycle of consolidating polychemotherapy (CapOx). Afterwards, the patient underwent R0 total mesorectal excision. No disease progression was observed during the next two years. Thus, complicated cancer require additional therapy; however, it should not be considered as a contraindication for combination treatment or as a reason for changing its order recommended in clinical guidelines.