The "Oncological Coloproctology" journal was founded in 2010 by by the initiative group of members of the board of the Society of Professionals in Oncological Coloproctology for the purpose of improvement of quality of continuous medical education of doctors that work in this field as well as for creation of the information site of a public organization.

MD, professor Yuri Andreyevich Barsukov was elected Chief Editor of the journal. Leading professionals in the field of oncology, coloproctology, radiology, pathomorphology, endoscopy from various regions of Russia as well as from the countries of the CIS were invited to the editorial board of the journal.

The first issue of the journal was issued in spring 2011, its issue was associated with the conference devoted to the memory of professor V.I. Knysh. Since then, the journal has been issued quarterly.

Since the fall of 2019, the journal has been called "Pelvic Surgery and Oncology". And since August 2023 it has been called "Surgery and Oncology".